Atlas of Cancer Mortality

Materials and Methods -- Map Production

Maps displaying cancer mortality rates by county and SEA were produced using Atlas Pro and Atlas GIS for Windows software (Strategic Mapping, Inc., now part of ESRI) on a Pentium personal computer. For ease of comparisons and readability, the size of Alaska was reduced and, for the SEA maps, the size of the District of Columbia was increased and separated from adjacent areas. Prior to mapping, rates for an area based on sparse data were deemed unstable if (a) the observed number of deaths was less than 6; (b) the observed number of deaths was less than 12 and the rate was not significantly different statistically from the U.S. rate; or (c) the expected number of deaths was less than 6 and the rate was not significantly different statistically from the U.S. rate. The stable rates were then ranked and partitioned into 10 deciles. The legend for each map portrays the national rate and the range of rates for each decile. Rates per 100,000 person-years are generally presented with 2 digits to the right of the decimal, although for some of the rarer cancers 3 digits are shown. In each map and legend, five shades of red (deciles at the median and above) and five shades of blue (deciles below the median) are used, with the intensity of color reflecting the ranked distance from the median. Gray is used for areas with sparse data (i.e., unstable rates as defined above).

Suggested Citation

Devesa SS, Grauman DG, Blot WJ, Pennello G, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr. Atlas of cancer mortality in the United States, 1950-94. Washington, DC: US Govt Print Off; 1999 [NIH Publ No. (NIH) 99-4564].
Back to Full Text